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Controlled Medicines

Controlled medicines,and their manufacturers

A number of medicines are or have been sought by US states for use in lethal injection executions. Every one of them was developed to save and improve patients’ lives — and their manufacturers have put strict controls in place to keep them that way.

The industry response

Medicines made for patients, protected from misuse

A number of medicines are or have been sought by US states for use in lethal injection executions. These medicines are made by healthcare companies that develop and manufacture them to save and improve patients’ lives and health. The companies do not condone the misuse of medicines in lethal injections (see Industry Position) and have put distribution controls in place to protect their medicines and ensure they are sold exclusively for legitimate medical use.

Every active FDA-approved manufacturer of the drugs on execution protocols has strict controls in place to prevent Departments of Corrections from diverting their products for use in lethal injection executions.

Below is a summary of the medicines that are or have been listed in US lethal injection protocols, or that US states have proposed using in executions, along with their manufacturers and the controls in place to protect these medicines from misuse.

Each manufacturer below has implemented a control system so that its product is supplied for legitimate medical use only.

Full reference

At-risk medicines and their manufacturers

The medicines listed in, or proposed for, US lethal injection protocols, and the manufacturers of each.

At-risk medicine
Manufacturers
For legitimate medical use only
Cisatracurium Besylate
Aurobindo Pharma Ltd. for AuroMedics Pharma LLC Fresenius Kabi AG Pfizer Inc. Gland Pharma Ltd. for Sandoz Inc. Somerset Therapeutics LLC Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. distributed by eVenus Pharmaceutical Laboratories Inc., marketed by Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc. Meitheal Pharmaceuticals Inc. Piramal Critical Care Inc. Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. Caplin Steriles Ltd.
Controlled
Diazepam
Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. Pfizer Inc. Fresenius Kabi AG Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. Civica, Inc. Baxter Healthcare Corporation Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Controlled
Etomidate
AuroMedics Pharma LLC Fresenius Kabi AG Gland Pharma Ltd. Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. Pfizer Inc. Viatris Inc. Civica, Inc. Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc. Fosun Pharma USA Inc. Caplin Steriles Ltd.
Controlled
Fentanyl
Fresenius Kabi AG Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. Pfizer Inc.
Controlled
Hydromorphone
Fresenius Kabi AG Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. Pfizer Inc.
Controlled
Ketamine Hydrochloride
Aurobindo Pharma Ltd. for AuroMedics Pharma LLC Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. Par Pharmaceutical Inc. / PH Health Pfizer Inc. Fresenius Kabi AG Eugia Pharma Specialities Ltd. Caplin Steriles Ltd. Civica, Inc. Gland Pharma Ltd. Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Controlled
Methohexital Sodium
Par Pharmaceutical Inc. Heritage Pharmaceuticals Inc. / Avet Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Controlled
Midazolam
Gland Pharma Ltd. for Alvogen Inc. Gland Pharma Ltd. for Athenex Inc. Fresenius Kabi AG for Becton, Dickinson and Company & APP Pharmaceuticals, LLC Gland Pharma Ltd. Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. Pfizer Inc. Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Heritage Pharmaceuticals Inc. / Avet Pharmaceuticals Inc. Exela Pharma Sciences LLC Somerset Therapeutics LLC Athenex Pharmaceutical Division LLC Civica, Inc. B. Braun Medical Inc.
Controlled
Pancuronium Bromide
Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd.
Controlled
Pentobarbital Sodium
Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.
Controlled
Phenobarbital
Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.
Controlled
Potassium Acetate
Exela Pharma Sciences LLC Pfizer Inc. Fresenius Kabi AG
Controlled
Potassium Chloride
Baxter Healthcare Corporation B. Braun Medical Inc. Fresenius Kabi AG for APP Pharmaceuticals, LLC Pfizer Inc.
Controlled
Propofol
Corden Pharma GmbH for Fresenius Kabi AG Pfizer Inc. Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Corden Pharma GmbH for Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. Heritage Pharmaceuticals Inc. B. Braun Medical Inc. Civica, Inc.
Controlled
Rocuronium Bromide
Alvogen Inc. Baxter Healthcare Corporation Gland Pharma Ltd. for Athenex Inc. Fresenius Kabi AG Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. Gland Pharma Ltd. for Viatris Inc. Pfizer Inc. Piramal Critical Care Inc. Sandoz Inc. Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. X-Gen Pharmaceuticals Inc. Eugia Pharma Specialities Ltd. Meitheal Pharmaceuticals Inc. Civica, Inc. Lifestar Pharma LLC / Mankind Pharma Ltd. Caplin Steriles Ltd. B. Braun Medical Inc.
Controlled
Vecuronium Bromide
Eugia Pharma Specialities Ltd. Gland Pharma Ltd. for Fresenius Kabi AG Pfizer Inc. Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. Viatris Inc. Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Meitheal Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Controlled
Sodium Thiopental
Drug not federally approved and unavailable for purchase in the US.
Unapproved drug

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